Sustainability is a catch-all concept that covers many aspects. First of all it concerns the CO2 balance between the amount of CO absorbed2 in growth through photosynthesis on the one hand, and CO emissions2 that takes place during harvest, supply and use on the other side. Although you can reason that only the amount of CO absorbed2 is also emitted again (which is why it is generally referred to as CO2 considered neutral), it may be the case that the absorption and emission of CO2 do not take place at the same time.

This concerns how the amount of harvested biomass relates to the annual additional growth. In a system in which more and more biomass is used, it may be the case that more is temporarily emitted than is captured, until a new equilibrium arises (this is also called carbon debt). The outcome of such an analysis therefore strongly depends on the context.

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