The European Commission published a review article with five key points on the role of biogas in the energy mix. The article aims to dispel misconceptions and demonstrates how biogas and biomethane can contribute to energy security and climate goals. According to the Commission, biogas replaced six percent of natural gas consumption in the EU in 2023, representing approximately sixteen million tons of oil equivalent.
1. Safe production is possible
Biogas is produced in sealed tanks where organic material is broken down without oxygen. With sound technology, clear procedures, and oversight, the process is safe. European guidelines emphasize design, monitoring, and maintenance. This alleviates concerns about fire hazards and health as long as the facilities operate according to regulations.
2. A biogas plant can make the neighborhood stronger
Where waste streams are properly collected and anaerobically digested, the living environment can improve. Less manure on the land can help reduce odor and leaching. Examples from Northern Europe show that collaboration between farmers, businesses, and municipalities also creates jobs. Air scrubbers and covers reduce odor and noise. Open communication with local residents remains crucial.
3. Climate gains through less methane
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas. By fermenting manure, sludge, and other waste streams in a controlled manner, you prevent methane leaks into the open air. The climate benefits can be significant and, with manure fermentation, even approach negative emissions if leakage losses in the chain remain low. Biogas also reduces the demand for fossil natural gas.
4. Nutrients and CO2 become raw materials
Fermentation doesn't just produce gas. Digestate contains nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and, if used correctly, can replace artificial fertilizers. Upgrading it to biomethane releases pure biogenic CO2 that can be used in greenhouses, water purification, and food. Biochar is also being considered for soil improvement and carbon sequestration.
5. A stable link in the energy system
Biomethane fits into existing pipelines and systems. It's controllable and can deliver power when solar and wind power are lower. This helps maintain grid balance and remains an option for sectors where direct electrification is challenging, such as high-temperature processes and some heavy-duty transport.
Where does Europe stand now?
The benchmark is a target of thirty-five billion cubic meters of biomethane per year by 2030. In 2023, the sector produced approximately four-and-a-half billion cubic meters. Installed capacity in the first quarter of 2024 was around six-and-a-half billion cubic meters per year. Growth continues, but the gap to 2030 remains large.
Attention to methane loss in the chain
Measuring and mitigating leaks is a prerequisite. European agencies are working on best practices for detecting and repairing them, and on methods to better incorporate chain emissions into sustainability assessments. Every percentage point reduction in losses strengthens the climate balance and increases public support.
Want to know more? See the publication of the Europese Commissie about biogas and biomethane.
