Biogas and biomethane are playing an increasingly important role in making the energy system more sustainable. They are extracted from organic waste and used as a renewable energy source. Methane, the main component, has a high energy content and can be efficiently converted into heat or electricity. At the same time, it requires careful handling because, when unintentionally released, it has a significant greenhouse effect.
A recent report from IEA Bioenergy Task 37 shows that effective methods now exist to reduce these methane emissions from biogas plants and landfills while simultaneously extracting more value from residual flows. These techniques are applicable in a variety of situations and offer the potential for direct climate benefits.
Smart techniques for a big effect
New insights show that it's possible to effectively address even small methane emissions, such as those released from digestate storage or old landfills. Methane can be converted into carbon dioxide and water both thermally and biologically. Thermal oxidation involves combustion of the gas, while biological filters use microorganisms that convert methane at low concentrations. These techniques make it possible to reduce emissions without high energy costs.
Tailored to every situation
Each emission source requires a different approach. While thermal systems are suitable for concentrated gas flows, biological filters work well at low concentrations and low throughputs. The technology has now matured sufficiently to be adapted to existing installations. This creates customized solutions for both large and small biogas producers, and even for landfills where methane is still released.
Practical examples
Several countries already have operational installations where methane filters have been successfully applied. This proves that the technology works not only on paper but also in practice. These examples provide support and inspiration for further application within the sector. Moreover, interest is growing among suppliers and operators, who are increasingly actively seeking solutions for residual emissions.
Wide applicability
These technologies aren't limited to biogas plants. They can also contribute to reducing methane emissions in landfills and waste processing. This makes them applicable across multiple fronts within climate policy. By intervening locally on diffuse sources, an opportunity arises to reduce emissions where this was previously difficult.
Investing in climate profit
While some solutions still rely on support, analyses show that investing in methane oxidation is worthwhile. Not only because of the environmental benefits, but also because it contributes to a robust energy system. By addressing methane emissions, the sector can demonstrate that sustainability goes hand in hand with technological innovation.
Ready for the next step
The energy transition requires systems thinking. Methane reduction is a key component. By cleverly combining technologies with anaerobic digestion, upgrading, and storage, we create a sustainable chain that both generates energy and reduces emissions. Methane is therefore not only a challenge, but above all an opportunity to make a difference.
The full IEA Bioenergy Task 37 report can be found at: ieabioenergy.com
